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本帖最后由 ZK66 于 2010-1-19 18:50 编辑
Ornamentum介绍
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Scotish 42.reg Grenadier
England
The Highlands of Scotland was a wild place in the 1700s, full ofrebels, robbers and warring clans. To keep the peace, King George I in1725 ordered the formation of six independant companies of Highlandtroops to act as a local police force. These companies quickly earnedthe nickname "the Black Watch" because of their dark tartans and theirjob of keeping watch on the Highlands. They did their work so wellthat, in 1739 the King ordered them to be formed into a regiment toserve in the army. In this way the Black Watch became the firstHighland Scottish regiment in the British Army and began thedistinguished career that continues to this day.
The regiment was originally numbered the 43rd and later renumbered the42nd. The regiment first came to North America during the French andIndian War. It took part in the assault of Fort Ticonderoga in 1758where it fought bravely in a costly defeat. Later in 1758 it became aRoyal Regiment by order of King George II. It was then known as theRoyal Highland Regiment and its soldiers wore the dark blue royalfacings on their red coats.
After the severe losses at Ticonderoga, the 42nd did not have anothermajor action until they were sent to relieve Fort Pitt in 1763 and helpput down the rebellion of the Ottawa Chief, Pontiac. They spent thenext few years on the frontier garrisoning small forts. They then leftNorth America and were stationed in Ireland.
The regiment returned to North America during the Revolutinary War. Itfought in the British Army's campaigns of 1776 through 1778. It foughtin the battle of Long Island, New York, the battle of Brandywine,Pennsylvania and the battle of Monmouth Courthouse in New Jersey. Forthe remainder of the war, it spent the time moving about New York andNew Jersey. Finally it was sent to help relieve Cornwallis at Yorktown,Virginia, but was never landed and returned to New York in October of1781. The regiment remained in New York until September or October 1783when it went to Halifax, Nova Scotia.
After both the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War, manysoldiers of the 42nd Regiment settled in North America. The recordsshow that many were granted land in Canada.
During the Revolutinary War, the Grenadier Company of the 42nd wasoften joined with grenadier companies from other regiments formingseparate grenadier battalions.Women and children were included in theRoyal Highland Regiment as official camp followers. The British Armyallowed a few soldiers' wives to accompany their husbands overseas. Thewomen were on half rations and the children we on one-third rations. Asdependants of the army, they were subject to the rules and regulationsof the army and to the orders of the regimental commander.
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Lusitania dragoons Spain
Motto: "LUSITANIA TESSERA OMNI ARMATURA FORTIER"
This unit was born in Debember 21th, 1709, 300 years ago, when the kingFelipe V admited the proposal made by the Count Pezuela de las Torres,to raise a regiment of dragoons, comprised of three squads, each ofthree companies, handing the title of Colonel of the Regiment, andgiving its name, according to custom of the time. By decree it took thename "10º Regimiento de Dragones".
Along these centuries, the Regiment suffered some changes of name, fromthe first, Regimiento de Pezuela 20º de Dragones, to the current one,Regimiento de Caballería Ligera Nº8 Lusitania.
Among the many feats of arms that has participated in this Unit, alongits long history, would highlight the following: the unit landed atCeuta in 1720 to fight there against the Moroccan siege; in 1727participated in one of the many sieges of Gibraltar; in 1744, atMadonna del Olmo; in 1776-78, in the South America campaing; and fromthere fight with equal distinction in later years, activelyparticipating in the War of Independence (called by the britishPeninsular War).
For his conduct at the Battle of Melazzo (Sicily), happened in the year1718, was granted the privilege to use on the rumps of their horses andtheir scripts, a yellow badge as a sign of distinction, and the phrase"Lusitania with his banner can more that with all armor" (LUSITANIATESSERA OMNI ARMATURA FORTIER).
For his heroic action at the Battle of Madonna del Olmo, which occurredon 30 September 1744, was honored with an emblem consisting of a skulland crossbones and a black tie for its standard.
On November 13, 1776, the Cavalry Regiment joined to the most importantexpedition that had sent the Reino de España (Kingdom of Spain) to itscolonies in America. Its mision was re-take Sacramento, taken by thePortuguese. This goal was completed in March, 1777. The use of theseriders from the Spanish Army in America changed everything then knownin the art of war, providing them with mobility in reconnaissance,security and combat. This strategic advantage was reflected in thefeats of arms, the Portuguese were defeated repeatedly. The brilliantperformance of the regiment possible so resounding victory and was amore favorable negotiating the Treaty of San Ildefonso (1778).
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Magyar Line Infantry
Austria, Hungary
When Maria Theresa came to the throne there were only 3 regularHungarian infantry regiments forming part of the Austro-Hungarian armedforces. The Queen was popular in Hungary and recruiting was successfulfor the 1741 war, yet only 8 new Hungarian infantry regiments wereraised. This was considerably short of the anticipated number, butdifficulties arose since few Magyar recruits ,however enthusiastic theymight be, wanted to be infantryman. In accordance with the nationaltemperament all wanted to be hussars, of if they could not be cavarly,then they preffered to join the FreiKorps or irregulars.
In the year 1746 the white coat was taken into use by Hungarianinfantry ,usually with blue facings on the sleeve and the back of thecollar and up to 1756 waistcoats and trousers were of differentregimental colours, thereafter most were changed to blue as in thisplate.From 1757 to about 1762 waistcoats and trousers were blue.Thecost of the Hungarian Infantry was charged to the Hungarian Exchequerexcept that weapons,banners,drums and tents were provided from Austrianstocks. Except that did not wear gaiters and carried ahungarian-pattern sabre, the Hungarian equipment was ,therefore thesame as that of the German.
(Osprey)
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Provincial Scouts
US Colony, England
The woods of the frontier have taught these men the value ofmarksmanship and an accurate firearm.The furtrade which thrives in theamerican frontier forests is a rich source of men who are reliant ontheir markship for survival .With no ready access to the kind ofmanufactories found in Europe , this hordly and self-suffient breedhave learnt to fashion their on rifles. The guns themselves reflect thedemands made by their enviroment. The skills of the hunter translatewell to the battlefield , especially when employed against regulartroops who often have no experience of such tactics and no answer to afoe who appears as if from nowhere and will not then stand to be shotat. Adept at consealig themselves amongst trees , these men can stalkany prey , remaining hidden as they slowly move within range.
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4th Continental Light Dragoons
USA
The 4th Continental Light Dragoons also known as Moylan's Horse wasraised on January 5, 1777 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for servicewith the Continental Army under Colonel Stephen Moylan. The regimententered the history books by taking the field in captured Britishscarlet coats as noted in a letter from General George Washington toColonel Moylan dated May 12, 1777, in which Moylan was directed to havehis uniforms dyed to avoid confusion with British dragoons. Theregiment changed to green coats faced in red during the summer of 1778,with black leather helmets in the style associated with BanastreTarleton.
The regiment saw action at the Battle of Brandywine and the Battle ofGermantown in their scarlet uniforms, and the Battle of Guilford CourtHouse and the Battle of Yorktown in their more familiar green coats.The regiment was furloughed June 11, 1783 at Philadelphia and disbandedon November 15, 1783.
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16th Light Dragoons reg.
England
In 1759 it was decided to follow the example of continental armies andform regiments of light cavalry as it was thought that this cheaperform of cavalry would be better suited to conduct vedette,reconnaissance, scouting and flank guard duties. Thus on the 4th ofAugust 1759 Colonel Burgoyne was appointed commanding officer of the16th Light Dragoons, a regiment to be raised in Northampton. He wrotehis own recruiting poster, ending: "You will be mounted on the finesthorses … Your society will be courted; You are admired by the Fair …Young men out of employment or uncomfortable … nick in instantly andenlist." The Regiment's first foreign deployment came in 1762 when theywere embarked for Portugal with whom Britain was allied against theFrench and Spanish. The Regiment fought their first action at Valenciade Alcantara in Spain. Here Burgoyne commanded the Regiment and a mixedbrigade of British and Portuguese infantry. In this action the alliedtroops surprised and defeated a numerically superior force capturingthe commanding Spanish general, and destroying the Regiment of Seville.On their return to England the new Regiment found that they had gaineda considerable reputation for their exploits. As a result in 1766 theRegiment was ,for the first time, designated as a Royal regiment beingstyled "16th The Queen's Light Dragoons"; adopting Queen Charlotte'scipher, which to this day is a constituent part of The Queen's RoyalLancers 'Queen's Badge'.
The American War of Independence 1775-83
The 16th Light Dragoons were one of the regiments sent to reinforce theAmerican Garrison. The voyage to America took the Regiment three monthsin which both soldiers and their mounts lived in fetid conditions,landing in Halifax, Nova Scotia in October 1776. Notwithstanding theterrible conditions suffered during the voyage, the Regiment was inaction within a week of disembarkation at the Battle of White Plains.The majority of the campaign was spent in pursuit of an elusive enemy.George Washington was well aware that his militia army was not a matchfor a regular army, he therefore fought a 'guerrilla style' war. As aresult of American tactics, the cavalry were mainly employed in routinepatrolling and garrison duties. The 16th returned to England in 1779prior to the conclusion of the American War of Independence in 1783
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Polish National Cavalry
Poland
The National cavalry (Polish: Kawaleria narodowa) was a branch ofPolish cavalry in the Polish armed forces in the late 18th century.Formed as a merger of previously-existing units of Polish Hussars andpancerni that were still in service after the Confederation of Bar. In1775 the Sejm disbanded all units of heavy cavalry and reformed theminto a lighter formation, roughly similar to uhlans popular in Europein 19th century. The National Cavalry was disbanded together with therest of Polish armed forces after the final partition in 1795. Thedecision was part of the trend of evolution of European cavalry towardslighter, more mobile formations, a process that lasted until the WorldWar I when the Cuirassiers abandoned their heavy armours. The uniformsof the National Cavalry also inspired numerous similar formations inEurope, notably the French cavalry of the Napoleonic Wars.Initially thenational cavalry was divided onto four brigades (each numbering roughly900 men-at-arms), two in the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and two in theGrand Duchy of Lithuania. The brigades were further composed of 96banners altogether. On November 12, 1788 the Sejm increased the numberof cavalrymen and since then the brigades were 3600 men strong. Thedivision onto banners was also disbanded and replaced with a divisiononto squadrons. Each brigade was since then composed of 24 squadrons.Also in 1788 the Sejm disbanded all mercenary cavalry units (cavalryunits of foreign origin) and reformed them into three regiments ofFront Guard, also forming part of the national cavalry. Following thisreform each squadron of National Cavalry was composed of four cugsub-units. The first cug in every squadron consisted of 32 former"towarzysz" Hussars, while the remaining four were composed of 32former Pancerni cavalrymen. This allowed the unit to be fairlyflexible, with the first cug used for break-through charges and theremaining three in supporting roles.
During the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794 additional units of NationalCavalry were raised in various parts of Poland. Altogether, thegovernment formed 12 brigades of national cavalry, 2 regiments of horseguard and 16 regiments of Front Guard. However, only a few of them everreached the specified number of men-at-arms. The National Cavalry tookpart in several battles of the Russo-Polish war of 1792 and theKościuszko Uprising.
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Continental Marines
USA
(1. version, green with red - land unit / 2. version, green with white - naval units)
The Continental Marines were the Marine force of the American Coloniesduring the American Revolutionary War. The corps was formed by theContinental Congress in November 10, 1775 and was disbanded in 1783.Their mission was multi-purpose, but their most important duty was toserve as on-board security forces, protecting the Captain of a ship andhis officers. During naval engagements Marine sharpshooters werestationed in the fighting tops of the ships' masts, and were supposedto shoot the opponent's officers, naval gunners, and helmsmen.
In all, there were 131 Colonial Marine officers and probably no morethan 2,000 enlisted Colonial Marines.Though individual marines wereenlisted for the few American naval vessels, the organization would notbe re-created until 1798. Despite the gap between the disbanding of theContinental Marines and the current organization, the U.S. Marine Corpscelebrates 10 November 1775 as its birthday.
Two battalions were initially intended for the planned invasion of NovaScotia, the main British reinforcement point. In reality only onebattalion was formed. Plans to form the second battalion were suspendedindefinitely after several British regiments-of-foot and cavalry,supported by 3,000 Hessian mercenaries, landed in Nova Scotia, makingthe planned amphibious assault impossible. The Continental Marines'first and only Commandant was Captain Samuel Nicholas and the firstMarine Barracks were located in Philadelphia. The first recruitingstation was historically at meeting place called Tun Tavern. Recentdiscoveries may prove the actual tavern was nowhere near the originalTun Tavern.
Four additional Marine Security Companies were also raised and helped George Washington defend Philadelphia.
The Marines were used to conduct amphibious landings and raids duringthe American Revolution. They landed twice in Nassau, in the Bahamas,to seize naval stores from the British. The first landing, led byCaptain Samuel Nicholas, consisted of 250 Marines and sailors wholanded in New Providence, in the Bahamas; there they wreaked muchdamage and seized naval stores. The second landing, led by a LieutenantTrevet, landed at night and captured several ships along with the navalstores.
Continental Marines landed and captured Nautilus Island and theMajabagaduce peninsula in the Penobscot Expedition. A Marine battalionalso fought alongside the Continental Army in the Battle of Princeton.A group under Navy Captain James Willing left Pittsburgh, traveled downthe Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, captured a ship and in conjunctionwith other Continental Marines brought by ship from the Gulf of Mexicoraided British Loyalists on the shore of Lake Ponchartrain.
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Queen's Rangers 1st American Reg
England
The origins of the Queen's Rangers lay in the French and Indian War(1756-1763), during which France and England fought for territories inthe New World. At first, French-Canadian habitants and their Indianallies were quite effective by employing guerrilla tactics against theBritish regulars. To counter the French tactics, Robert Rogers raisedcompanies of New England frontiersmen for the British and trained themin woodcraft, scouting, and irregular warfare, sending them on raidsalong the frontiers of French Canada as the Rogers' Rangers. TheRangers soon gained a considerable reputation, particularly in thecampaigning in upstate New York around Fort Ticonderoga and LakeChamplain. They also launched a long-range raid to destroy Indianallies in the St. Lawrence valley; gained the first lodgement in theamphibious landings on Cape Breton to capture Louisberg, and took thesurrender of the French outposts in the Upper Great Lakes at theconclusion of the war.
When the American War of Independence broke out in 1775, about fiftyLoyalist regiments were raised, including the Butler's Rangers, theKing's Royal Regiment, and the Maryland and Pennsylvania Loyalists.Robert Rogers again raised a unit, this time in New York (mostly fromLoyalists living in Westchester and Long Island), from westernConnecticut, and with men from the Queen's Loyal Virginia Regiment.[1]The new unit was named in honour of Queen Charlotte the wife of KingGeorge the Third. It first assembled on Staten Island in August 1776and grew to 937 officers and men organized into eleven companies ofabout thirty men each and an additional five troops of cavalry. Theunit immediately set about building fortresses and redoubts, includingthe one that stood at Lookout Place. Rogers did not prove successful inthis command and he left the unit in May, 1777. The regiment sufferedserious losses at Mamaroneck, Brandywine and Germantown until, onOctober 15, 1777, John Graves Simcoe was given command.
John Graves Simcoe turned the Queen's Rangers into one of the mostsuccessful British regiments in the war. They provided escort andpatrol duty around Philadelphia (1777-8); fought in the Pennsylvaniacampaign; served as rearguard during the British retreat to New York(1778); fought the Stockbridge Militia in The Bronx (1778); fought atPerth Amboy, New Jersey, where Simcoe was captured but freed in aprisoner exchange three months later (1779-80); at Charlestown, SouthCarolina (1780); in the raid on Richmond, Virginia with Benedict Arnoldand in other raids in Virginia (1780-1). The unit was interned atYorktown. Parts of the unit stationed in New York merged into theKing's American Dragoons. On May 2, 1779 the regiment was taken intothe American establishment as the 1st American Regiment and was takeninto the British establishment on December 25, 1782. In 1783, when thewar was ended by the Treaty of Paris, the Queen’s Rangers left New Yorkfor Nova Scotia, where it was disbanded. Many of the men from the unitformed Queensbury, New Brunswick on land grants.
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