斯坦福SCI论文写作课笔记（二）
1.5 Cut the clutter, more tricks(技巧)A few other small tricks :
1)Eliminate(清除) negatives
Whenever you encounter a not in your writing, see if you can turn it into a positive.
Example:
She did not want to perform the experiment incorrectly.
改进：
She wanted to perform the experiment correctly.
否定转为肯定的变换
2）Eliminate there are/there is
Example1:
There are many ways in which we can arrange the pulleys.
修改：
We can arrange the pulleys in many ways.
Example2:
There was a long line of bacteria on the plate.
修改：
Bacteria lined the plate.
Example3:
The data confirm that there is an association between vegetables and cancer.
修改：
The data confirm an association between vegetables and cancer.
3)Omit(删掉) needless prepositions
“that” and “on” are often superfluous(过剩的)
Example1:
The meeting happened on Monday.
修改：
The meeting happened Monday.
Example2:
They agreed that it was true.
修改：
They agreed it was true.
1.6 Practice cutting clutter
Example1:
Anti-inflammatory drugs may be protective for the occurrence of Alzheimer’s Disease.
修改：
Anti-inflammatory drugs may protect against Alzheimer’s Disease.
Example2:
Clinical seizures(临床癫痫) have been estimated to occur in 0.5% to 2.3% of the neonatal（新生） population.
修改：
Clinical seizures(临床癫痫) occur in 0.5% to 2.3% of newborns.
Example3:
Ultimately p53 guards not only against malignant transformation but also plays a role in developmental processes as diverse as aging, differentiation, and fertility.
修改：
Besides preventing cancer, p53 also plays roles in aging, differentiation, and fertility.
Example4:
Injuries to the brain and spinal cord have long been known to be among the most devastating and expensive of all injuries to treat medically.
修改：
Injuries to the brain and spinal cord are among the most devastating and expensive.
Example5:
An IQ test measures an individual’s abilities to perform functions that usually fall in the domains of verbal communication, reasoning, and performance on tasks that represent motor and spatial capabilities.
修改：
An IQ test measures an individual’s verbal, reasoning, or motor and spatial abilities.
Example6：
As we can see from Figure 2, if the return kinetic energy is less than 3.2 Up, there will be two electron trajectories associated with this kinetic energy.
修改：
Figure 2 shows that a return kinetic energy less than 3.2 Up yields(提供) two electron trajectories.
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